Abstract
Background: Monitoring vaccine effectiveness (VE) remains a priority for epidemiological research throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. VE against infection declines with the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC), but VE against the severe disease remains high. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines used in Russia against lung injury during Delta and Omicron VOC surges.
Methods: We designed a case-control study (test-negative design) to estimate VE against any (any volume of involved lung parenchyma) and severe (>50% of involved parenchyma) lung injury detected on computer tomography and associated with COVID-19 between October 1, 2021-April 28, 2022 (Delta VOC dominance period followed by Omicron dominance period). We included the data of patients with symptomatic confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection referred to the low-dose computer tomography triage centres.
Results: Among 23996 patients in the primary analysis, 13372 (55.7%) had any lung injury, and 338 (1.4%) had severe lung injury. The adjusted for age, sex and triage centre VE estimates against any lung injury were 56% (95% confidence interval 54-59) for two-dose Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), 71% (68-74) for three-dose Gam-COVID-Vac (booster), 2% (-27 to 24) for EpiVacCorona, and 46% (37-53) for CoviVac. VE estimates against severe lung injury were 76% (67-82) for two-dose Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), 87% (76-93) for three-dose Gam-COVID-Vac, 36% (-63 to 75) for EpiVacCorona, and 80% (45-92) for CoviVac.
Conclusions: Gam-COVID-Vac remained effective against lung injury associated with COVID-19 during Delta and Omicron VOC surges, and one Gam-COVID-Vac booster could be seen as an appropriate option after a two-dose regimen. CoviVac was also effective against lung injury. EpiVacCorona use in population-based vaccination should be halted until effectiveness and efficacy evidence is provided. Trial registration The joint study of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in St. Petersburg was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT04981405 , date of registration-August 4, 2021).
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04981405 NCT00498140 .
Keywords: COVID-19; Case–control study; Lung injury; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine effectiveness.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Lung injury, vaccine effectiveness., case–control study, 【초록키워드】 Efficacy, Vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine, vaccination, VoC, computer tomography, SARS-COV-2 infection, COVID-19 pandemic, Russia, Infection, variants of concern, Delta, Sex, omicron, symptomatic, low-dose, Research, Patient, Effectiveness, age, monitoring, epidemiological, estimate, Delta VOC, booster, case-control study, Evidence, severe disease, Decline, lung parenchyma, Volume, 95% confidence interval, Registered, primary analysis, Gam-COVID-Vac, two-dose regimen, effective, new SARS-CoV-2, severe lung injury, joint, involved, remained, provided, adjusted, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 variant, Delta, omicron, Effectiveness, case-control study, Gam-COVID-Vac,