Abstract
Mexico, one of the countries severely affected by COVID-19, accumulated more than 5. 1 all-cause excess deaths/1,000 inhabitants and 2.5 COVID-19 confirmed deaths/1,000 inhabitants, in 2 years. In this scenario of high SARS-CoV-2 circulation, we analyzed the effectiveness of the country’s vaccination strategy that used 7 different vaccines from around the world, and focused on vaccinating the oldest population first. We analyzed the national dataset published by Mexican health authorities, as a retrospective cohort, separating cases, hospitalizations, deaths and excess deaths by wave and age group. We explored if the vaccination strategy was effective to limit severe COVID-19 during the active outbreaks caused by Delta and Omicron variants. Vaccination of the eldest third of the population reduced COVID-19 hospitalizations, deaths and excess deaths by 46-55% in the third wave driven by Delta SARS-CoV-2. These adverse outcomes dropped 74-85% by the fourth wave driven by Omicron, when all adults had access to vaccines. Vaccine access for the pregnant resulted in 85-90% decrease in COVID-19 fatalities in pregnant individuals and 80% decrease in infants 0 years old by the Omicron wave. In contrast, in the rest of the pediatric population that did not access vaccination before the period analyzed, COVID-19 hospitalizations increased >40% during the Delta and Omicron waves. Our analysis suggests that the vaccination strategy in Mexico has been successful to limit population mortality and decrease severe COVID-19, but children in Mexico still need access to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to limit severe COVID-19, in particular those 1-4 years old.
Keywords: COVID-19 epidemic in Mexico; COVID-19 in children; COVID-19 in pregnancy; COVID-19 vaccination; Omicron sub-lineages; SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC; excess mortality.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19 vaccination, Omicron sub-lineages, COVID-19 in children, COVID-19 in pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC, excess mortality., COVID-19 epidemic in Mexico, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine, vaccination, Mortality, severe COVID-19, Vaccines, pediatric, children, Delta, omicron, variants, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, adverse outcome, Infant, outbreak, hospitalizations, Effectiveness, death, COVID-19 hospitalization, age, dataset, circulation, fatality, COVID-19 epidemic, pregnant, Analysis, Vaccination strategy, health authorities, individual, National, retrospective cohort, country, effective, limit, decrease, analyzed, affected, caused, reduced, driven by, accumulated, dropped, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccination, Delta, omicron, adverse outcome,