Abstract
Amid the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccination and early therapeutic interventions are the most effective means to combat and control the severity of the disease. Host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, particularly adaptive immune responses, should be fully understood to develop improved strategies to implement these measures. Single-cell multi-omic technologies, including flow cytometry, single-cell transcriptomics, and single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) profiling, offer a better solution to examine the protective or pathological immune responses and molecular mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, thus providing crucial support for the development of vaccines and therapeutics for COVID-19. Recent reviews have revealed the overall immune landscape of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this review will focus on adaptive immune responses (including T cells and B cells) to SARS-CoV-2 revealed by single-cell multi-omics technologies. In addition, we explore how the single-cell analyses disclose the critical components of immune protection and pathogenesis during SARS-CoV-2 infection through the comparison between the adaptive immune responses induced by natural infection and by vaccination.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; adaptive immune response; antibody production; infection; vaccine.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Infection, vaccine., Adaptive immune response, antibody production, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Vaccine, immune response, vaccination, pandemic, Pathogenesis, adaptive, antibody, SARS-COV-2 infection, severity, transcriptomics, B cells, molecular mechanism, variants, flow cytometry, immune, T cell, Measures, T-cell receptor, receptor, natural infection, TCR, Critical, single-cell, Protective, immune protection, BCR, B-cell, adaptive immune responses, Support, therapeutic intervention, component, offer, recent, effective, develop, addition, the disease, single-cell analysis, 【제목키워드】 vaccination, SARS-COV-2 infection, single-cell analysis,