Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved to display particular patterns of genetic diversity in the genome across geographical regions. These variations in the virus and genetic variation in human populations can determine virus transmissibility and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Genetic variations and immune differences in human populations could be the driving forces in viral evolution. Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants show several mutations at the receptor binding domain in the spike (S) glycoprotein and contribute to immune escape and enhanced binding with angiotensin 1-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Since ACE2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) play important roles in SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell, genetic variation in these host entry-related proteins may be a driving force for positive selection in the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein. Dendritic or liver/lymph cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3-grabbing non-integrin is also known to play vital roles in several pathogens. Genetic variations of these host proteins may affect the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the latest research to describe the impacts of genetic variation in the viral S glycoprotein and critical host proteins and aims to provide better insights for understanding transmission and pathogenesis and more broadly for developing vaccine/antiviral drugs and precision medicine strategies, especially for high risk populations with genetic risk variants.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, Mutation, spike glycoprotein, variants, Transmissibility, Immune escape, Genetic variation, TMPRSS2, 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Evolution, Coronavirus disease 2019, coronavirus, Pathogenesis, Positive selection, susceptibility, severity, Variation, Genome, antiviral drugs, SARS-CoV-2 variant, Transmission, drug, protease, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, virus, immune, Population, Receptor binding domain, Protein, Viral, Immune escape, SARS-CoV-2 variants, viral evolution, Impact, Genetic variation, Research, Pathogens, genetic diversity, glycoprotein, respiratory, transmembrane protease serine 2, Critical, binding, S glycoprotein, angiotensin, integrin, Genetic variations, genetic risk, high risk, human populations, the cell, human population, viral S, intercellular adhesion molecule, Adhesion Molecule, acute respiratory syndrome, Precision, Serine, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, enzyme, SARS-CoV-2 entry, host protein, transmembrane, geographical regions, vital roles, driving, virus transmissibility, SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein, serine 2, Host, Affect, Cell, determine, contribute, in viral, intercellular, the SARS-CoV-2, vital role, 【제목키워드】 Infectivity, Viral, escape,