The current novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is revealing profound differences between men and women in disease outcomes worldwide. In the United States, there has been inconsistent reporting and analyses of male–female differences in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. We seek to raise awareness about the male-biased severe outcomes from COVID-19, highlighting the mechanistic differences including in the expression and activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as well as in antiviral immunity. We also highlight how sex differences in comorbidities, which can be associated with both age and race, impact male-biased outcomes from COVID-19.
All Keywords
【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, Coronavirus disease 2019, ACE2, pandemic, Comorbidities, outcome, novel coronavirus disease, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Novel coronavirus, hospitalizations, Awareness, age, United States, antiviral immunity, Sex difference, disease, expression, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Analysis, angiotensin, COVID-19 cases, deaths, The United States, highlight, raise, men and women, highlighting, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, Sex, outcome, Impact, Biological,
【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, Coronavirus disease 2019, ACE2, pandemic, Comorbidities, outcome, novel coronavirus disease, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Novel coronavirus, hospitalizations, Awareness, age, United States, antiviral immunity, Sex difference, disease, expression, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Analysis, angiotensin, COVID-19 cases, deaths, The United States, highlight, raise, men and women, highlighting, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, Sex, outcome, Impact, Biological,
현재의 신종 코로나바이러스 감염증 2019(COVID-19) 대유행은 전 세계적으로 질병 결과에서 남성과 여성 간의 심각한 차이를 드러내고 있습니다. 미국에서는 COVID-19 사례, 입원 및 사망의 남녀 차이에 대한 일관되지 않은 보고 및 분석이 있었습니다. 우리는 코로나19로 인한 남성 편향된 심각한 결과에 대한 인식을 높이고 항바이러스성 면역뿐만 아니라 ACE2(지오텐신 전환 효소 2)의 발현 및 활성을 포함한 기전적 차이를 강조합니다. 또한 연령 및 인종 모두와 관련될 수 있는 동반 질환의 성별 차이가 COVID-19의 남성 편향된 결과에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 강조합니다.