Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally; recognition of immune responses to this virus will be crucial for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control, prevention and treatment. We comprehensively analysed IgG and IgA antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N), spike protein domain 1 (S1) and envelope protein (E) in: SARS-CoV-2-infected patient, healthy, historical and pre-epidemic samples, including patients’ medical, epidemiological and diagnostic data, virus-neutralizing capability and kinetics. N-specific IgG and IgA are the most reliable diagnostic targets for infection. Serum IgG levels correlate to IgA levels. Half a year after infection, anti-N and anti-S1 IgG decreased, but sera preserved virus-inhibitory potency; thus, testing for IgG may underestimate the protective potential of antibodies. Historical and pre-epidemic sera did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2, thus its circulation before the pandemic and a protective role from antibodies pre-induced by other coronaviruses cannot be confirmed by this study
【저자키워드】 immunology, antibodies, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, acquired immunity, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Treatment, coronavirus disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, IgG, Coronavirus disease 2019, coronavirus, immune response, pandemic, antibody, Antibody Response, Infection, diagnostic, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, virus, Spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, Spread, Kinetics, IgA, immune responses, sera, Patient, envelope protein, target, epidemiological, circulation, respiratory, Protective, can not, acute respiratory syndrome, Recognition, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, other coronaviruses, domain, protective role, IgA levels, healthy, analysed, other coronavirus, virus-neutralizing, IgG level, inhibit SARS-CoV-2, preserved, the SARS-CoV-2, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19 patient, SARS-CoV-2 protein,