Modulation of defensin expression may be one way to improve animal health and to reduce zoonotic diseases. Defensins are small, cationic, and amphipathic cysteine-rich antibiotic peptides found in plants, insects, mammals and birds. Whereas α- and θ-defensins appear to be absent in birds, several β-defensins have been isolated from avian heterophils. In addition, β-defensins were found to be constitutively or inducibly expressed at mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, intestinal and urogenital tracts. In this review the current knowledge of the defensin repertoire of birds, their tissue-specific expression, regulation and corresponding biological functions are described.
All Keywords
【저자키워드】 Innate immunity, Defensins, antimicrobial peptides, UTR, untranslated region, RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, birds, ER, endoplasmic reticulum, ATCC, American Type Culture Collection, aa, amino acid, AMP, antimicrobial peptide, AvBD, avian β-defensin, CHP, chicken heterophil peptide, Def, defensin, Gal, gallinacin, GPV-1, gallopavin-1, hBD, human β-defensin, IGF-1, insulin growth factor 1, MRSA, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus , Osp, ostricacin, SCCE, stratum corneum chymotrypsin-like enzyme, SCTE, stratum corneum trypsin-like enzyme, SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism, Sphe, Sphenicin, TGF-1, transforming growth factor 1, THP, turkey heterophil peptide,
【저자키워드】 Innate immunity, Defensins, antimicrobial peptides, UTR, untranslated region, RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, birds, ER, endoplasmic reticulum, ATCC, American Type Culture Collection, aa, amino acid, AMP, antimicrobial peptide, AvBD, avian β-defensin, CHP, chicken heterophil peptide, Def, defensin, Gal, gallinacin, GPV-1, gallopavin-1, hBD, human β-defensin, IGF-1, insulin growth factor 1, MRSA, methicillin-resistant