Once thought of as arising from “junk DNA,” noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key molecules in cellular processes and response to stress. From diseases such as cancer, coronary artery disease, and diabetes to the effects of ionizing radiation (IR), ncRNAs play important roles in disease progression and as biomarkers of damage. Noncoding RNAs regulate cellular processes by competitively binding DNA, mRNA, proteins, and other ncRNAs. Through these interactions, specific ncRNAs can modulate the radiosensitivity of cells and serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of radiation damage, whether from incidental exposure in radiotherapy or in accidental exposure scenarios. Analysis of RNA expression after radiation exposure has shown alterations not only in mRNAs, but also in ncRNAs (primarily miRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA), implying an important role in cellular stress response. Due to their abundance and stability in serum and other biofluids, ncRNAs also have great potential as minimally invasive biomarkers with advantages over current biodosimetry methods. Several studies have examined changes in ncRNA expression profiles in response to IR and other forms of oxidative stress. Furthermore, some studies have reported modulation of radiosensitivity by altering expression levels of these ncRNAs. This review discusses the roles of ncRNAs in the radiation response and evaluates prior research on ncRNAs as biomarkers of radiation damage. Future directions and applications of ncRNAs in radiation research are introduced, including the potential for a clinical ncRNA assay for assessing radiation damage and for the therapeutic use of RNA interference (RNAi).
【저자키워드】 microRNA, Coronary artery disease, RNA interference, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Non-small cell lung cancer, noncoding RNA, reactive oxygen species, circular RNA, untranslated region, Small interfering RNA, mRNAMessenger RNA, Messenger RNA, ROSreactive oxygen species, miRNAmicroRNA, CADcoronary artery disease, ASOanti-sense oligonucleotides, anti-sense oligonucleotides, circRNAcircular RNA, DCAdicentric chromosome assay, dicentric chromosome assay, EMTepithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Gygray (unit), gray (unit), IRionizing radiation, ionizing radiation, lncRNAlong noncoding RNA, long noncoding RNA, ncRNAnoncoding RNA, NSCLCnon-small cell lung cancer, PBMCperipheral blood mononuclear cells, piRNApiwi-interacting RNA, piwi-interacting RNA, RNAiRNA interference, siRNAsmall interfering RNA, shRNAshort hairpin RNA, short hairpin RNA, snoRNAsmall nucleolar RNA, small nucleolar RNA, snRNAsmall nuclear RNA, small nuclear RNA, TBItotal body irradiation, total body irradiation, tRNAtransfer RNA, transfer RNA, UTRuntranslated region, 【초록키워드】 Biomarker, Stress, Cancer, miRNA, diagnostic, Proteins, oxidative stress, RNA, Disease progression, DNA, serum, stability, Radiotherapy, mRNA, Research, lncRNA, biofluids, disease, interactions, prognostic biomarker, binding, regulate, mRNAs, radiation exposure, Radiation, modulation, expression level, alteration, therapeutic use, ncRNAs, RNA expression, cellular stress response, ncRNA, Future, Effect, Cell, invasive, expression profile, thought, shown, evaluate, examined, reported, form, arising, introduced, changes in, modulate, cellular processe, diabete, 【제목키워드】 Radiation, non-coding RNA, Long,