An Inflection Point in Cancer Protein Biomarkers: What was and What’s Next

In Brief Biomarkers are the highest value proposition in cancer medicine today. Despite progress in molecular sciences and evolving regulatory frameworks for biomarkers, the field has been more about promise than improving human health. Achieving precision medicine necessitates moving away from reductionist thinking to studying complex diseases as complex adaptive systems and defining biomarkers as representations of biological system states. This approach will enable redefining cancer as a disease of dysregulated communication, which could ultimately prove to be game changing for the field of biomarkers and the patients who will benefit.