Could a Lower Toll-like Receptor (TLR) and NF-κB Activation Due to a Changed Charge Distribution in the Spike Protein Be the Reason for the Lower Pathogenicity of Omicron?스파이크 단백질의 전하 분포 변화로 인한 낮은 TLR(Toll-like Receptor) 및 NF-κB 활성화가 오미크론의 낮은 병원성 원인이 될 수 있습니까?Review Published on 2022-05-252022-09-11 Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Category] COVID19(2023년), SARS, 변종, [키워드] Activation airway B.1.1.529 cellular changed charge cleavage clinics COVID-19 cytokine Cytokine storm Deletion deletions delta variant distribution Efficacy favor furin furin cleavage site FURIN expression Hypothesis immune immune cells immunization Innate immune cells Lower Lungs monoclonal antibody Multiple Mutation N-terminal domain Neutralizing antibodies neutralizing antibody NF-kappaB NF-κB NF-κB activation NTD omicron Omicron variant organs other variants pathogenicity predicted RBD reason for receptor Receptor binding domain replacing Replication resulting S1/S2 S1/S2 furin cleavage site SARS-CoV-2 significantly lower Spike protein Substitution syncytium formation the Spike the spike protein therapeutic TLR TLRs TMPRSS2 Toll-like receptor Toll-like receptor (TLR) Toll-like receptors upper airway variant viral replication wild-type virus [DOI] 10.3390/ijms23115966 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Review
Inhibition of IRAK4 dysregulates SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced macrophage inflammatory and glycolytic reprogrammingIRAK4의 억제는 SARS-CoV-2 스파이크 단백질 유도 대식세포 염증 및 해당과정 재프로그래밍을 조절하지 못함Article Published on 2022-05-192022-09-11 Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences [Category] Coronavirus, COVID19(2023년), MERS, SARS, 유전자 메커니즘, 진단, [키워드] ACE2 activate AKT baseline blockade CCL2 cells citrate counteract Critical dysregulated ERK expression Glycolysis human SARS-CoV-2 Hyperactivation IL-6 IL-8 impair independent Inflammatory Inflammatory marker inflammatory markers inhibition inhibitor Innate immunity irak4 IRAK4 inhibitor IRF5 IRF7 knockdown Lactate LDHA Macrophage macrophages metabolic activity mitochondrial Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation molecular mechanism monokines murine models NF-κB NF-κB activation oxidative oxidative phosphorylation phenotype Phosphorylation promoted Protein reduction response responsible reversal SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 spike SARS-CoV-2 spike protein severe COVID-19 patient severe COVID-19 patients shown Signaling siRNA spike Spike protein succinate suppression Therapeutic strategies therapy TLR TLR-mediated TLR2 TLR7 TLRs TNFα treated Treatment triggered without affecting [DOI] 10.1007/s00018-022-04329-8 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Article
Role of toll-like receptors in modulation of cytokine storm signaling in SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19SARS-CoV-2로 유발된 COVID-19에서 사이토카인 폭풍 신호전달의 조절에서 톨 유사 수용체의 역할Review Published on 2022-03-012022-09-11 Journal: Journal of medical virology [Category] SARS, 치료법, [키워드] Balanced Blood circulation COVID-19 cytokine Cytokine storm Cytokine storms Cytokines death driving dsRNA Elimination endosomal Factor help IL-1β IL-4 IL-6 IL-8 Imbalance immune regulation individual Inflammatory inflammatory signaling innate immune system interferon interleukin killing MAPK membrane-bound modulation multiple organ failure multiple organ failures multiple-organ multiple-organ failure Necrosis NF-κB nonself other organs pathogen Pro-inflammatory genes pro-inflammatory mediator pro-inflammatory mediators recognize recognizing replicate role SARS-CoV-2 Signaling ssRNA ssRNA. systemic circulation the cytokine storm TLR TLR3 TLR4 TLR7 TLR7/8 TLR8 TLRs Toll-like receptor Toll-like receptors Transcription translation TRIF Tumor tumor necrosis tumor necrosis factor [DOI] 10.1002/jmv.27405 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Review
Lipid droplet accumulation occurs early following Salmonella infection and contributes to intracellular bacterial survival and replicationarticle Published on 2022-02-282024-09-01 Journal: Molecular Microbiology [Category] 살모넬라증, [키워드] lipid droplets lipid metabolism PGE2 Salmonella Typhimurium TLRs [Article Type] article
Recent Advances in the Development of Toll-like Receptor Agonist-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious DiseasesReview Published on 2022-02-162022-10-28 Journal: Pharmaceutics [Category] COVID-19, [키워드] accelerated Activation adaptive immune responses adjuvant adjuvants advance agonist Antigen boost COVID-19 pandemic development Diseases Effect effective efficient epidemic diseases Human Vaccines immune response immune responses inactive Infection Infectious disease innate immune responses microbial microbial infection molecular mechanism MPL mRNA vaccine nasal adjuvant pathogen pattern recognition receptor powerful tool PRR recent recognize Research Safe subsequent subunit target TLR TLR agonist TLRs Toll-like receptor Trigger Vaccine [DOI] 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020423 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Review
Pulmonary Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mild Cases of COVID-19 Are Dedicated to Proliferation; In Severe Cases, They Control Inflammation, Make Cell Dispersion, and Tissue RegenerationImmunology Published on 2022-01-132022-11-01 Journal: Frontiers in Immunology [Category] COVID-19, [키워드] “cytokine storm” affected Alter Analysis biological function bronchoalveolar lavage sample CD40 Cell cell proliferation Cell therapy cell types chemotaxis clinical conditions Control COVID-19 COVID-19 patient Cytokine storm cytoplasmic Data analysis dispersion FHL2 Genes IFNGR1 IFNGR2 immune individual individuals induce inhibitor involved lung marker MDA5 mesenchymal stem cell Mild mild case mild COVID-19 patients MSC MSCs Necrosis NF-κB NFKBIA not express OPTN overexpression paracrine Patient performed PKR PPP2CB promote inflammation pulmonary receptors regeneration RNA secretion sequence Severe case severe COVID-19 single cell RNA sequencing single-cell RNA-seq STEM stem cell Target genes therapeutic therapeutic potential therapy for COVID-19 these cell tissue tlr-3 TLRs TNFR1 TNFR2 Transcription transcriptionally treat triggered upregulated upregulated gene upstream virus virus load [DOI] 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780900 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Immunology
Rare variants in Toll-like receptor 7 results in functional impairment and downregulation of cytokine-mediated signaling in COVID-19 patientsToll-유사 수용체 7의 희귀 변이는 COVID-19 환자에서 기능 손상 및 사이토카인 매개 신호의 하향 조절을 초래합니다Brief Communication Published on 2021-12-242022-09-10 Journal: Genes and Immunity [Category] COVID19(2023년), MERS, SARS, 변종, 유전자 메커니즘, [키워드] ACOD1 affected antiviral responses Cell Chronic diseases component COVID-19 patient CXCL10 Cytokines decrease downregulation failure functional Genes genetics hypomorphic IFIT2 IFN IFNα IFNγ imiquimod immune responses immunology impairment innate antiviral responses innate immune response innate immune responses interferons loss-of-function male men mononuclear cell mononuclear cells mRNA level mRNA levels Pathogens pathway Patient performed Peripheral blood Peripheral blood mononuclear cells pro-inflammatory cytokine pro-inflammatory cytokines recognize responses responsible RNA sequencing RSAD2 SARS-CoV-2 severe COVID-19 Signaling single-stranded RNA virus Stimulation TLR TLR7 TLRs Toll-like receptor toll-like receptor 7 Toll-like receptors Transcriptome triggering type I upregulation variant variants Variation variety viruses was performed [DOI] 10.1038/s41435-021-00157-1 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Brief Communication
Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Rafts as Platforms for SARS-CoV-2 EntryImmunology Published on 2021-12-162022-11-01 Journal: Frontiers in Immunology [Category] COVID-19, MERS, SARS, [키워드] ACE-2 angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 antiviral therapy cellular cholesterol cholesterol-rich lipid rafts COVID-19 disrupt Evidence FDA-approved drug function functional Health Host Hydroxychloroquine immune response immune signaling pathway Interaction involved knowledge Lipid lipid homeostasis membrane pathogen Pathogenesis platform Proteoglycan raft receptor recruit recruited Region regulate respiratory SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 attachment and entry SARS-CoV-2 entry SARS-COV-2 infection SARS-CoV-2-host interaction Signaling sphingolipid therapeutic targets TLRs TMPRSS Toll-like receptor transmembrane serine protease triggered viral spike protein [DOI] 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796855 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Immunology
An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine AdjuvantsSARS-COV-2 감염에 대한 TLR의 반응에 대한 최근의 통찰력과 SARS-COV-2 백신 보조제로서 TLR 작용제의 잠재력에 대한 개요Review Published on 2021-11-182022-08-31 Journal: Viruses [Category] MERS, SARS, 진단, 치료기술, 치료제, [키워드] activate Activation acute respiratory syndrome acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 adaptive Adaptive immunity addition adjuvant adjuvants agonist approach chemokine coronavirus coronavirus disease COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccine COVID-19 vaccines Critical cytokine death Defense downstream dysregulated Efficacy ENhance focus Health Host host defense host innate immunity human disease immune responses Immune-mediated Immunity Immunopathogenesis initial innate immune response innate immune system Innate immunity insight Interaction invading pathogen invading pathogens pandemic pathogen pathogen-associated molecular pattern pathogen-associated molecular patterns Pathogens pathology Potential pro-inflammatory cytokine recent recognize respiratory response SARS-CoV-2 SARS-COV-2 infection severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus shaping Signaling therapeutic TLR TLR agonist TLR agonists TLR response TLRs Toll-like receptor Toll-like receptors Vaccine [DOI] 10.3390/v13112302 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Review
Exploiting viral sensing mediated by Toll-like receptors to design innovative vaccinesReview Article Published on 2021-10-282022-10-04 Journal: NPJ Vaccines [Category] 치료제, [키워드] antiviral response downstream signaling pathway effective elicit immune immune defense immune responses Infectious diseases invading pathogen involved knowledge ligands long-lasting mechanism microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns receptor receptors Signaling Surveillance TLR TLRs Toll-like receptor Transcriptional upregulation transmembrane protein triggered understanding Vaccine Vaccines viral pathogen virus [DOI] 10.1038/s41541-021-00391-8 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Review Article