Gender susceptibility to COVID-19: a review of the putative role of sex hormones and X chromosomeCOVID-19에 대한 성 감수성: 성 호르몬과 X 염색체의 추정 역할에 대한 검토Review Published on 2020-09-162022-09-10 Journal: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation [Category] 유전자 메커니즘, [키워드] ACE2 ACE2 expression Analysis androgen androgens angiotensin Angiotensin-converting enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 COVID-19 COVID-19 infection death disease Endocrine Estrogen Estrogens Evidence Evolution explain females Gender Genetic health emergency Hypothesis in viral inactivation increased expression Infection infection rate involved Italy lethality maintain male mechanism men men and women Methylation Patient positive protective factor RAS reduced Regulation Regulatory reported representing Result SARS-CoV-2 entry Serine serine protease serine protease TMPRSS2 severity Sex Sex chromosome sex chromosomes sex hormone Sex hormones susceptibility TMPRSS2 TMPRSS2 expression Trojan horse Viral viral infection women X chromosome [DOI] 10.1007/s40618-020-01383-6 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Review
Cardiovascular Damage in COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone SystemReview Published on 2020-09-042022-10-29 Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Category] COVID-19, [키워드] ACE2 ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR Activation acute respiratory syndrome age agonist alterations angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor anomalies Antiviral apoptotic ARB association blocker cardiovascular cardiovascular damage Cell clinical trial components Coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus-2 COVID-19 COVID-19 patients damage decrease disease endothelial cells Genetic help homeostasis hypercoagulable hyperinflammation Hyperinflammatory hypertension hypertensive immunomodulator IMPROVE individual infect Infection liver lung Mortality multiple tissue outcome Pathologies pathology pathway peptides plasma polymorphism RAAS receptor reduce regulate responses SARS-CoV-2 SARS-COV-2 infection severity sex hormone soluble ACE2 Stage susceptibility System targeting Therapies therapy thrombotic Treatment Vaccine vessel viral particle viral propagation [DOI] 10.3390/ijms21186471 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Review
Sex Hormones and Hormone Therapy during COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Patients with CancerPerspective Published on 2020-08-182022-10-31 Journal: Cancers [Category] COVID-19, [키워드] ACE2 acute respiratory syndrome androgen androgen-deprivation therapy androgens angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 antiviral activity camostat Cancer patients clinical Clinical presentations coronavirus COVID-19 COVID-19 severity Cytokine storm death Estrogen Estrogens Evidence fatality females highlight hormonal therapy hormone Hormones host cell Hypothesis immune Immune-mediated implicated implication increased risk infected with SARS-CoV-2 male mechanisms modulating novel coronavirus disease older patient Patient patients with COVID-19 Perspective post-menopausal women progesterone Prostate cancer PROTECT protective effect receive remains uncertain SARS-CoV-2 severe disease severity severity of COVID-19 sex hormone Support Tamoxifen Testosterone therapy TMPRSS2 TMPRSS2 inhibitors transmembrane serine protease treated Treatment worse prognosis [DOI] 10.3390/cancers12082325 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Perspective
Changes in RT‐PCR test results and symptoms during the menstrual cycle of female individuals infected with SARS‐CoV‐2: Report of two casesShort Communication Published on 2020-07-142022-11-01 Journal: Journal of medical virology [Category] COVID-19, MERS, SARS, [키워드] acute respiratory syndrome Admission change changed coronavirus COVID‐19 disease female Fever hospital discharge Hospitalization implication include individual Infection management protocol menstrual menstrual cycle Patient positive report RT‐PCR RT‐PCR test SARS‐CoV‐2 SARS‐CoV‐2 infection SARS‐CoV‐2 severity sex hormone susceptibility Symptom women [DOI] 10.1002/jmv.26275 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Short Communication
Molecular mechanisms of sex bias differences in COVID-19 mortalityViewpoint Published on 2020-07-092022-11-01 Journal: Critical Care [Category] COVID-19, [키워드] androgen angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 antagonist approach cellular chromosome chromosomes Compound contribute COVID-19 COVID-19 mortality died Estrogen explain fatality hormone immune response Innate immunity lack mechanism men nucleic acids patients with COVID-19 receptor SARS-CoV-2 Sex sex hormone T cell activation Toll-like receptor women X chromosome [DOI] 10.1186/s13054-020-03118-8 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Viewpoint
Individual variation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and regulationOriginal Article Published on 2020-06-192022-10-28 Journal: Aging Cell [Category] COVID-19, SARS, [키워드] ACE2 ACE2 binding ACE2 expression acute respiratory syndrome age all ethnic groups Asian binding site cardiovascular diseases contributing to coronavirus COVID‐19 COVID‐19 Data analysis decrease diabetic patient East Asians enzyme eQTLs Ethnic groups expression expression levels fatality female females Gene Expression Genes hormone receptor host cell receptor Human individual variation individuals Inflammatory cytokine loci majority male mice molecular negative correlation Older pathogen pathway Patient population level Quantitative receptor ACE2 reduced regions Regulation Regulatory SARS‐CoV‐2 SARS‐COV2 Sex sex hormone shown significant decrease significantly higher T2D tissue transcription factor Treatment treatment strategy upregulated upregulation viral infection virus infection [DOI] 10.1111/acel.13168 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Original Article
An Insight into the Sex Differences in COVID-19 Patients: What are the Possible Causes?Special Report Published on 2020-06-182022-10-29 Journal: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine [Category] COVID-19, MERS, SARS, [키워드] ACE2 addressed Affect Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 available data Care cause concerning COVID-19 COVID-19 case COVID-19 patient COVID-19 patients difference Effect Estrogen explained Factor fatality female Gender higher risk highlighting immune immune function immune functions immune response insight involved male men outcome pathogenesis of COVID-19 reported Sex Sex difference sex differences sex hormone Sex hormones Testosterone the disease the patient women [DOI] 10.1017/S1049023X20000837 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Special Report
Immunity, parasites, genetics and sex hormones: contributors to mild inflammatory responses in COVID-19?Essay Published on 2020-05-152022-10-28 Journal: The Pan African Medical Journal [Category] COVID-19, MERS, [키워드] America build Chronic diseases contribute Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 Cytokines death deaths Europe Evidence Factor Genetic genetics Hormones immune immune response Immunity Inflammation Inflammatory response Mild mild symptoms pandemic parasites Pathogens Perspective pro-inflammatory cytokine rodent Severe case Sex sex hormone Tolerance [DOI] 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.23267 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Essay
Sex-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mortality: Among Hormone-Modulated ACE2 Expression, Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Hypovitaminosis DCommentary Published on 2020-04-222022-10-29 Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Category] COVID-19, SARS, [키워드] ACE2 ACE2 expression ACE2: venous thromboembolism activated acute respiratory syndrome addition adipose appear coronavirus COVID-19 decrease deficiency disease down-regulated enzyme epidemiological epithelial cell Evidence expression female Frequency Gender differences Genetic predisposition greater help hypertensive hypovitaminosis increase Intervention involved kidney male men mice modulate mortality rate Myocardial Myocardium Orchiectomy patients with COVID-19 penetration predisposition presence of comorbidity SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV2 sex hormone shown susceptibility the spike protein tissue Treatment Venous Thromboembolism virus vitamin D deficiency worse prognosis [DOI] 10.3390/ijms21082948 PMC 바로가기 [Article Type] Commentary